Asian Development Outlook (ADO) 2022 Theme Chapter: Mobilizing Taxes for Development

This dataset contains data from part 2 of the Asian Development Outlook (ADO) 2022, discussing mobilizing taxes in developing Asia.

Figure 2.1.1 Additional annual spending needed to achieve the SDGs
Figure 2.1.2 The virtuous cycle of domestic resource mobilization
Figure 2.1.3 Tax revenue in selected regions
Figure 2.1.4 Average tax revenue in selected Asian countries, 2000-2004 versus 2015-2019
Figure 2.1.5 Tax revenue by source, average in 2015–2019
Figure 2.1.6 Tax revenue by source, average in 2015–2019
Figure 2.1.7 Tax revenue sources in selected economies, average in 2015–2019 
Figure 2.1.8 Tax revenue sources in selected economies, % of GDP
Figure 2.1.9 Tax and expenditure, average in 2015–2019
Figure 2.1.10 Expenditure in selected regions, average of 2015–2019
Figure 2.1.11 Tax and selected expenditure, 2015–2019
Figure 2.1.12 Selected expenditure by region, 2015–2019
Figure 2.1.13 Fiscal policy responses to COVID-19, as of 15 November 2021
Figure 2.1.14 Change in tax revenue from 2019 to 2020
Figure 2.1.15 Change in expenditure from 2019 to 2020
Box 2.1.1 Long-run tax buoyancy coefficients
Box 2.1.2 Actual minus model-estimated 2020 taxes (% of 2019 GDP)
Box 2.1.3 Developing Asia fiscal deficits and gross debt, 2009 and 2021
Box 2.1.4 Inefficiency in government health expenditure
Box 2.1.4 Inefficency in education expenditure

Figure 2.2.1 Tax potential in Asia: tax capacity and tax revenue, latest available year
Figure 2.2.2 Subnational government share of revenue and spending
Figure 2.2.3 Foregone revenue to tax expenditures, selected economies
Figure 2.2.4 Value-added tax C-efficiency in developing Asia, 2000-2018
Figure 2.2.5 VAT rates in developing Asia and average in selected regions
Figure 2.2.6 Self-employment in selected regions, 2000-2019
Figure 2.2.7 Self-employment in selected Asian economies, 2000 and 2019
Figure 2.2.8 Personal income tax top marginal rates in developing Asia
Figure 2.2.9 Personal income tax maximum and minimum rate thresholds, selected regions
Figure 2.2.10 Statutory corporate income tax rates in developing Asia
Box 2.2.1 Ratio of tax to GDP in 2010-2019 and revenue composition in 2015-2019
Box 2.2.2 Source of revenue for local government unitis in the Philippines in 2020, %
Box 2.2.3 Labor participation by sex, 2019
Box 2.2.4 Government take on selected economies in developing Asia

Figure 2.3.1 Average annual population-weighted air pollution exposure in 2019 in Asia
Figure 2.3.2 PRC revenue from pollutant discharge fee and environment protection tax, 1992-2019
Figure 2.3.3 India revenue generate by water and clean environment cess
Figure 2.3.4 Retail fuel prices in Asia on 10 January 2022, $/liter
Figure 2.3.5 Rising burden of lifestyle disease, 1990-2019
Figure 2.3.6 Productivity loss in developing Asia from death and disability caused by alcohol, tobacco, or a diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages, 2019
Figure 2.3.7 Cigarette tax on the best-selling brand by subregion, 2008-2020
Figure 2.3.8 Corrective tax yield in developing Asia versus productivity loss from tobacco-induced death and disability
Figure 2.3.9 Personal income tax maximum and minimum rate thresholds, selected regions
Figure 2.3.10 Statutory corporate income tax rates in developing Asia
Box 2.3.1 Fossil fuel subsidies in selected Asian economies, 2010-2020
Box 2.3.2 Source of revenue for local government unitis in the Philippines in 2020, %

Figure 2.4.1 Tax compliance time for companies, 2010 and 2019
Figure 2.4.2 Full-time tax administrative staff or equivalent per 100,000 population, 2019
Figure 2.4.3 Willingness to pay taxes, selected regions
Figure 2.4.4 Willingness to pay taxes and corruption perception, selected economies
Box 2.4.1 Index of tax revenue as a share of GDP before and after major reform
Box 2.4.2 Percentage of economies with electronic filing, 2019
Box 2.4.2 E-invoicing and prefiling of tax return, 2019
Box 2.4.2 Advanced digital technologies, 2019

Data and Resources

Field	Value
Publisher	Asian Development Bank
Last Updated	19 Apr 2022
Publish Date	19 Apr 2022
Update Frequency	Annually
Available Formats	xlsx
Temporal Coverage	1 Jan 2000 - 25 Mar 2022
Language	English (United States)
License	Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO
Granularity	Country/Economy
Access Level	Public
Countries/Economies	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China, People's Republic of Cook Islands Fiji Georgia India Indonesia Kazakhstan Kiribati Korea, Republic of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Maldives Marshall Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Mongolia Myanmar Nauru Nepal Pakistan Palau Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taipei,China Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uzbekistan Vanuatu Viet Nam
Region	Asia and the Pacific
Topics	Economics
Tags	Asian Development Outlook (ADO) Taxation

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